Unlocking Second Language Mastery Navigating the Complex Terrain of Adult Language Acquisition

This paper mainly focuses on the more effective way that language learners who “escaped” during the critical period of acquiring a second language. In the paper, we use the methodology of bibliography to compare the essential differences between children and adult learners from the perspectives of linguistics, neurolinguistics, society and culturology, and further study SLA theory based on the author’s own educational experience. It is an indisputable fact that older language learners have less flexibility and plasticity than children due to their mature brains. However, it can be partially compensated for by cognitive ability and social experience thus overtaking a corner. Nonetheless, some points are especially worth paying attention to, such as the necessity to “design” the grammar into the structure of the paragraph to be the “guiding framework” of thinking; Learners should not be excessively concerned about the accuracy of grammar and words at academic level, so as to avoid negative emotions such as anxiety, which affect language learning, and is partly consistent with the SLA’s Affective Filter Hypothesis. This research offers fresh guidelines for students and teachers of second languages to consider contemporary methods of teaching and learning, particularly the “fanatics” of “natural acquired” or “academically structured education.” Additionally, researchers and teachers who consider upgrading teaching methods offer evidence and inspiration owing to the growing popularity of artificial intelligence

Quantum Algorithms for Graph Coloring and other Partitioning, Covering, and Packing Problems

Let U be a universe on n elements, let k be a positive integer, and let F be a family of (implicitly defined) subsets of U. We consider the problems of partitioning U into k sets from F, covering U with k sets from F, and packing k non-intersecting sets from F into U. Classically, these problems can be solved via inclusion-exclusion in O*(2^n) time [BjorklundHK09]. Quantumly, there are faster algorithms for graph coloring with running time O(1.9140^n) [ShimizuM22] and for Set Cover with a small number of sets with running time O(1.7274^n |F|^O(1)) [AmbainisBIKPV19]. In this paper, we give a quantum speedup for Set Partition, Set Cover, and Set Packing whenever there is a classical enumeration algorithm that lends itself to a quadratic quantum speedup, which, for any subinstance on a subset X of U, enumerates at least one member of a k-partition, k-cover, or k-packing (if one exists) restricted to (or projected onto, in the case of k-cover) the set X in O*(c^{|X|}) time with c<2. Our bounded-error quantum algorithm runs in O*((2+c)^(n/2)) for Set Partition, Set Cover, and Set Packing. When c<=1.147899, our algorithm is slightly faster than O*((2+c)^(n/2)); when c approaches 1, it matches the running time of [AmbainisBIKPV19] for Set Cover when |F| is subexponential in n. For Graph Coloring, we further improve the running time to O(1.7956^n) by leveraging faster algorithms for coloring with a small number of colors to better balance our divide-and-conquer steps. For Domatic Number, we obtain a O((2-\epsilon)^n) running time for some \epsilon>0

Accurate Multi-physics Numerical Analysis of Particle Preconcentration Based on Ion Concentration Polarization

This paper studies mechanism of preconcentration of charged particles in a straight micro-channel embedded with permselective membranes, by numerically solving coupled transport equations of ions, charged particles and solvent fluid without any simplifying assumptions. It is demonstrated that trapping and preconcentration of charged particles are determined by the interplay between drag force from the electroosmotic fluid flow and the electrophoretic force applied trough the electric field. Several insightful characteristics are revealed, including the diverse dynamics of co-ions and counter ions, replacement of co-ions by focused particles, lowered ion concentrations in particle enriched zone, and enhanced electroosmotic pumping effect etc. Conditions for particles that may be concentrated are identified in terms of charges, sizes and electrophoretic mobilities of particles and co-ions. Dependences of enrichment factor on cross-membrane voltage, initial particle concentration and buffer ion concentrations are analyzed and the underlying reasons are elaborated. Finally, post priori a condition for validity of decoupled simulation model is given based on charges carried by focused charge particles and that by buffer co-ions. These results provide important guidance in the design and optimization of nanofluidic preconcentration and other related devices.Comment: 18 pages, 11 firgure

Systematic use of model-based solution patterns using the example of a load cell

Complex mechatronic products are usually decomposed into several sub-systems for their development. These sub-systems are developed in parallel or even independently based on their specifications and use cases. The application of model-based solution patterns is an effective way to comprehensively and efficiently describe the available knowledge about the sub-systems. This contribution proposes an approach to support the selection and application of model-based solution patterns. The approach, based on a metamodel for solution patterns using SysML, describes the process for selecting solution patterns and aligning requirements and constraints with the as-is properties of the sub-systems. Additionally, the approach supports the design of solution patterns taking into account special knowledge from the development of the sub-systems as well as the usage of the solution patterns in different systems and contexts. As an example, an application scenario of a specific load cell within a measurement system is explained

Analysis of potential errors in technical products by combining knowledge graphs with MBSE approach

Technical products are developed to meet the demands of stakeholders. Therefore, the product's functions and associated properties are important. Various influencing factors e.g., external disturbances can have an impact on the input flows of the products or its characteristics and thus on the functions. If this leads to deviations between the required and as-is functions, these deviations are called errors. It is therefore important to analyze errors in product development and implement measures to increase the robustness of the product. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) supports the development of complex systems. However, MBSE alone has limited ability to identify in-depth errors. This requires knowledge of possible errors from previous products in specific contexts. For this purpose, the method proposed in this paper facilitates identifying errors in the concept phase by combining MBSE approaches with reusable knowledge (i.e., knowledge graph). The approach is presented using an application example for a mobile robot

Theoretical and Simulation Study on Ogston Sieving of Biomolecules Using Continuum Transport Theory

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH